All papers submitted to Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences undergo a rigorous peer review to ensure that they fit into the journal's scope and are of sufficient academic quality and novelty to appeal to our readers. As a reviewer, you will be required to uphold this standard.

These guidelines will help you understand your responsibilities as a reviewer and your ethical obligations to the journal and the authors. You will also be introduced to what you should look for in a manuscript, so your review will be consistent with others requested by the journal. This is particularly important as all articles submitted to Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences should be evaluated on the same playing field.

Your responsibilities as a reviewer

As a reviewer, you will be responsible for reading the manuscript and evaluating its suitability for publication in Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences and its scientific quality. You will be expected to provide constructive, impartial, unambiguous, and honest feedback to the authors to encourage them to improve their manuscripts.

In accordance with its commitment to developing young scientists, Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences aims to see all authors who submit to the journal, regardless of whether they are accepted—improve both as academic writers and researchers. As such, reviewer comments that denigrate or discourage an author from re-submitting to this or another journal will not be tolerated. Reviews should be critical but not detrimental to accurate scientific communication.

Things to consider before agreeing to review a manuscript

Before you agree to review a manuscript, you should be certain that you have the necessary expertise and time to provide a critical evaluation of the article. You should ensure that:

• The article matches your expertise. Log into your Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences account and read the abstract to determine whether your expertise matches that of the manuscript.
• You can complete the review on time and dedicate the appropriate time to conducting a thorough review. A review should be completed within three weeks. Please let the editor know if you do not think you can complete the review within this timeframe. If possible, please also suggest an alternate reviewer. If you agree to review a manuscript but later on find yourself unable to complete it on time, please contact the editor as soon as possible.
• You have no conflict of interest. Determine whether any conflict of interest may affect your impartiality in evaluating the manuscript. If there is, you should contact the editor and immediately recuse yourself. If you could not detect conflict before agreeing to the review request but find one during the review, contact the editor and explain why you cannot continue.

Reviewer ethics

Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences relies on the impartiality and discretion of reviewers, and as a reviewer, you have been entrusted with confidential material meant solely for critical evaluation.  As such, we expect you to treat all documents and correspondence related to the review with the appropriate level of care.

• Do not use the information therein to advance your research or discredit another party.
• Do not discuss any aspect of the manuscript with a third party.
• Ensure that the information therein and details of the review process remain confidential before, during, and after publication.
• Maintain the integrity of the double-blind review process. Do not contact any of the authors to discuss their manuscripts.
• Be fair, honest, and objective in your evaluation of the manuscript.
• Declare a conflict of interest, and recuse yourself immediately if your impartiality has been compromised.

Conducting the review

Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences review procedure

Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences uses an online submission and peer review system. When a reviewer is requested to review a paper submitted to Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences, they will have a journal account created for them, through which they will be able to read the abstract and decide on whether to agree to review it.

If you have been requested to review a paper, log in to your reviewer account, read the provided abstract, and indicate whether you agree to review it. If you decline to review the manuscript, please include why and suggest an alternate reviewer from a similar field if possible.

To ensure the integrity of the peer-review process, all further correspondence will be through this system. The reviewer will be given access to the full manuscript and a review page to fill out and submit. If you wish, you can also provide comments directly on the manuscript file, but be sure that all comments are made anonymously and focus on the content of the article, not its layout or formatting.

Basic criteria

A good review looks at the overall quality of the manuscript and the accuracy and precision of its details. The former is informed by the latter. When evaluating a manuscript for Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences, look at the following aspects:

• Scope. Is the manuscript within IJLS’s scope? How interesting will the article be to the journal's readership?
• The novelty of the research. Is the article sufficiently novel and interesting? Does it add new knowledge? How original is the research?
• Appropriateness of the title. Does the title accurately represent the content?
• Content quality. Does the article adhere to IJLS's standards? Is the research question an important one? Does the manuscript help to expand or further current research in its respective field?
• Methodology. Is the description of the methodology informative, clear, and concise? Is the methodology of the research precise and properly conducted? How appropriate is the approach or experimental design?
• Significance of the results. Do the results have significant implications for science fields and/or society?
• Appropriateness of tables, figures, and/or supplemental material. Is every figure/table necessary and correctly described? Is the supplementary material appropriate for the content?
• Completeness of the data. How complete are the data?
• Relevance of the discussion. Is the discussion relevant to the results and the rest of the content? Have the authors appropriately discussed their results in the context of previous research?
• Appropriateness of citations/references. Are all citations accounted for? Is there an appropriate amount of citations for the content (neither too few nor too many)?
• Clarity of the content. How good is English? Will IJLS's readership have trouble understanding the content?
• Adherence to IJLS's guidelines. Does the manuscript adhere to the journal's guidelines, such as the structure of the manuscript? Have tables and figures been submitted separately?
• Adherence to correct scientific nomenclature. Are species names up-to-date and correctly spelled? Are technical terms used correctly?

Ethical considerations

In addition to the above criteria, also pay attention to whether the manuscript contains instances of plagiarism, improper referencing, re-publication, or fraud. Things to look for:

• Plagiarism. Observe whether a portion of the manuscript has been copied from another work without giving appropriate credit. For example, the text has been copied verbatim without a clear indication that it is a quote, the text has been copied but not cited (suggesting that these are the authors' words/ideas), or some portion of the text has been copied without the permission of the original author. If you find that a significant part of the manuscript has been plagiarized, please contact the editor as soon as possible so we can take the appropriate actions.
• Missing, incorrect, or incomplete references. All text, figures, tables, data, ideas, or concepts that have been published previously should be cited. It is considered plagiarism for an author to present something as their own even though it is not, regardless of their intent.
• Re-publication. It is against IJLS's policy to publish work that has already been published elsewhere. Please notify the editor if you find an instance of a manuscript being published previously (partially or fully).
• Fraud. Any part of the manuscript that is found to be untrue should be highlighted as such. Any data manipulation or tampering form should be brought to the editor's attention.

Publication ethics is not limited to these four items. If you believe the authors have attempted to mislead readers, infringed upon copyright or patent, or might jeopardize the journal's integrity in any other way, please contact the handling editor.

The IJLS review form

Once you have gathered enough information to decide on the manuscript, log into your IJLS account to complete the review; at a minimum, you will be required to grade the manuscript based on the aforementioned criteria, summarize your major findings, and give your overall impression of the article. Although it is only optional, we highly encourage you also to take the opportunity to comment on the manuscript in more detail and provide specific suggestions that might improve any aspect of it.

If you have made specific comments in the manuscript file, remember to anonymize them to prevent the authors from being able to identify you.

Making good comments

It's important to ensure that all comments are constructive and intended to improve the quality of the manuscript or help the authors understand where they went wrong. Please reconsider making comments that fall out of this purview.

Follow good commenting practices. For example:

• Do not comment on the manuscript's acceptability; avoid suggesting revisions as conditions for acceptance.
• Provide detailed, unambiguous comments.
• Be respectful and positive. Your goal should be to help the authors improve their articles by providing constructive criticism and helpful suggestions. (Consider how you would like your manuscript to be reviewed.)
• Highlight areas that need clarification or should be elaborated further by the authors.
• Make suggestions on how the authors can improve problematic passages. How might they improve the clarity of a given section?
• You are not required to edit the authors’ style or grammar, but any improvement to the manuscript's clarity is greatly appreciated, especially regarding technical terms.
• Highlight consistent instances of outdated or misspelled technical terminology.
• Avoid making dogmatic statements. You should be able to back up your comments with proof or precedence in previous literature.
• Take care not to dismiss the manuscript, whether in its novelty, methodology, or findings.

Recommendations

Your final task as a reviewer will be to recommend that the manuscript be a) accepted as is, b) accepted with minor revisions, c) accepted with major revisions, d) accepted with major revisions (requiring a re-review), e) rejected but with a recommendation to re-submit after the work is more developed, or f) outright rejected. If the manuscript is rejected, you should explain your reasons why.

Each recommendation should be supported by the facts of the evaluation and backed with constructive criticism. Be aware that you are one of at least two reviewers. Even if your recommendation differs from the other reviewers' recommendations, a good critical review will enable us to make an informed final decision on the manuscript. Also note that the editorial board makes the final decision on the manuscript, taking into account the recommendation of each review, and your recommendation might not be reflected in this decision.