Improving the Biodiesel Production in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae: Metabolic Engineering and Enzyme Engineering
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can produce fuels such as biodiesel using the biomass of lignocellulose. S. cerevisiae metabolize monosaccharide of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to supply fuels/energy globally without competition issue with food supply. Ethanol and free fatty acids (FFAs) are the precursors of biodiesel. S. cerevisiae is able to produce these precursors. S. cerevisiae synthesizes biodiesel from ethanol and fatty acyl-coenzyme A thioesters using wax ester acyltransferase (WS). Here, we review some recent strategies applied to metabolic engineering and enzyme engineering of S. cerevisiae for improving the yield of biodiesel. On the metabolic engineering strategy can be done by directing the carbon flux towards the fatty acids biosynthesis pathway through engineering some genes in the central carbon metabolism. By combined overexpression genes of Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1), and Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) will improve biodiesel synthesis. In enzyme engineering, we can remove the allosteric inhibition control of Snf1 to Acetyl-CoA carboxylase ((ACC1), an enzyme that convert Acetyl Co-A to malonyl Co-A) by mutation of two phosphorylation site of ACC1 via site-directed mutagenesis which mutates serine1157,659 to alanine1157,629. This result in enhanced carbon flux to fatty acid synthesis and contribute to a higher yield of biodiesel.
Downloads
References
Choi, K. R., Jiao, S., & Lee, S. Y. (2020). Metabolic engineering strategies toward production of biofuels. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 59, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.02.009
El-rotail, A., Shia, G. Y., Rashed, M. M. A., Al-farga, A., Mousa, A., Bakry, A. M., Korma, S. A., Linghuan, Z., & Zhi, G. (2017). Constructing a Library of Stable Mutations for Enhanced Bioethanol Production by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Various Molecular Biology Methods. International Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences, 4(2), 2348 – 3997.
Erb, T. J., Jones, P. R., & Bar-even, A. (2017). Synthetic metabolism : Metabolic engineering meets enzyme design. Curr Opin Chem Biol., 37, 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.12.023.Synthetic
Hong, J., Park, S., Kim, S., Kim, S., & Hahn, J. (2018). Efficient production of lycopene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by enzyme engineering and increasing membrane flexibility and NAPDH production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 103, 211–223.
Hu, Y., Zhu, Z., Nielsen, J., & Siewers, V. (2019). Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for production of fatty acid-derived biofuels and chemicals. Open Biology, 9(5), 1–10.
Ibraheem, O., & Ndimba, B. K. (2013). Molecular Adaptation Mechanisms Employed by Ethanologenic Bacteria in Response to Lignocellulose- derived Inhibitory Compounds. 9. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.6091
Li, X., Guo, D., Cheng, Y., Zhu, F., Deng, Z., & Liu, T. (2014). Overproduction of Fatty Acids in Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 9999, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.25239
Mishra, A., Sharma, A. K., Sharma, S., Bagai, R., Mathur, A. S., Gupta, R. P., & Tuli, D. K. (2016). Lignocellulosic ethanol production employing immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in packed bed reactor. Renewable Energy, 98, 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.010
Phukan, M. M., Bora, P., Gogoi, K., & Konwar, B. K. (2019). Biodiesel from Saccharomyces cerevisiae : fuel property analysis and comparative economics. SN Applied Sciences, 1(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-0159-3
Singh, K., Graf, B., Linden, A., Sautner, V., Urlaub, H., Tittmann, K., Stark, H., & Chari, A. (2020). Discovery of a Regulatory Subunit of the Yeast Fatty Acid Synthase. Cell, 180(6), 1130–1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.034
Watsuntorn, W., Chuengcharoenphanich, N., Niltaya, P., Butkumchote, C., Theerachat, M., Glinwong, C., Qi, W., Wang, Z., & Chulalaksananukul, W. (2021). A novel oleaginous yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CU-TPD4 for lipid and biodiesel production. Chemosphere, 280, 130782–130793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130782
Young, E., Poucher, A., Comer, A., Bailey, A., & Alper, H. (2011). Functional Survey for Heterologous Sugar Transport Proteins , Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Host ᰔ. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(10), 3311–3319. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02651-10
Yu, T., Zhou, Y. J., Huang, M., Liu, Q., Pereira, R., David, F., Yu, T., Zhou, Y. J., Huang, M., Liu, Q., Pereira, R., David, F., & Nielsen, J. (2018). Reprogramming Yeast Metabolism from Alcoholic Fermentation to Lipogenesis. Cell, 174(6), 1549–1558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.013
Zhou, Y. J., Buijs, N. A., Siewers, V., & Nielsen, J. (2014). Fatty Acid-Derived Biofuels and Chemicals Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Frontier BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2(September), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2014.00032
Bailey, J., and Ollis, D. (1987). Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals. Second edition. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
De Jonng, B.W., Shi, S., Valle-Rodriguez, J.O., Siewers, V., Nielsen, J. (2015). Metabolic Pathay engineering for fatty acid ethyl ester production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using stable chromosomal integration. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 42 (3), pp. 477-486.
Doran, P. M. (1995). Bioprocess Engineering Principle. 2nd edn. London, NW: Academic Press Limited.
Issariyakul, T., and Dalai, A.K. (2014). ‘Biodiesel from vegetable oils.' Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 31, pp. 446-471.
Jonsson, L.J., Alriksson, B., and Nilvebrant, N.O. (2013). ‘Bioconversion of lignocellulose: inhibitors and detoxification.’ Biotechnol Biofuels, 6(1), pp. 16-26.
KEGG. Fatty Acid Metabolisme. http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?scale=1.0&query=&map=map01212&scale=0.55&auto_image=&show_description=show&multi_query=&show_module_list=&module_list=map01212_M00082&module_list=map01212_M00083&module_list=map01212_M00085&module_list=map01212_M00415.
Lagunas, R. (1993). ‘Sugar transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.’ FEMS Microbiology, 104(1), pp. 229-242.
Lalonde, S., Boles., E., Hellman, H., Barker., L., Patrick, J.W., Frommer, W.B., and Ward, J.M. (1999). The Dual Function of Sugar Carriers: Transport and Sugar Sensing. The Plant Cell, 11, pp. 707-726.
Lin, H., Wang, Q., Shen, Q., Zhan, J., and Zhao, Y (2013). ‘Genetic engineering of microorganisms for biodiesel production.’ Bioengineered, 4(5), pp. 292-304.
Liu, X., Xu, W., Mao, L., Zhang, C., Yan, P., Xu, Z. and Zhang, Z.C. (2016). ‘Lignocellulosic ethanol production by starch-base industrial yeast under PEG detoxification.’ Nature. Scientific report.
Runguphan, W., and Kaesling, J.D. (2014). ‘Metabolic engineering of S. cerevisiae for production of fatty acid-derived biofuels and chemicals. Metabolic Engineering, 21(1), pp. 103-113.
Schneiter, R. Hitomi, M., Ivessa, A., Fasch, E.V., Kohlwein, S.D., Tartakoff, A.M. (1996). ‘A yeast acetyl Coenzyme A mutant links very-long chain fatty acid synthesis to structure and function of the nuclear membrane-Pore Complex. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 16(12), pp. 7161-7172.
Shi, S., Chen, Y., Siewers, V., and Nielsen, J. (2014). Improving production of malonyl coenzyme A-derived metabolites by abolishing Snf1-dependent regulation of Acc1. MBio. Research Article, 5(3).
Shuler, M.L., and Kargi. (1992). Bioprocess Engineering. Basic Concepts. 1st edn. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Sloane, V., Blanchard, C.Z., Guillot, F., and Waldrop, G.L. (2001). ‘Site-directed mutagenesis of ATP binding residues of biotin carboxylase.’ Journal of Biology Chemistry, 276(27), pp. 24991-24996.
Sundus, F., Fazal, M.A., and Masjuki, H.H. (2017).’Tribology with biodiesel: A study on enhancing biodiesel stability and its fuel properties.’ Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 70, pp. 399-412.
Tang, X., Lee, J., and Chen, W.N. (2015). ‘Engineering the fatty acid metabolic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for advanced biofuel production.’ Metabolic engineering communications, 2(1), pp. 58-66.
Willaert, R., and Baron, G. (1993). ‘Growth kinetics of gel-immobilized yeast cells studied by on-line microscopy.’ Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 39(1), pp. 347-352.
Yang, F., Zhang, S., Zhou, Y.J., Zhu, Z., Lin, X., and Zhao, Z.K. (2012). ‘Characterization of mitochondrial NAD+ -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase of the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides.’ Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 94(4), pp. 1095-1105.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Articles published in Indonesian Journal Life of Sciences are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. You are free to copy, transform, or redistribute articles for any lawful purpose in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and Indonesian Journal Life of Sciences, link to the license, indicate if changes were made, and redistribute any derivative work under the same license. Copyright on articles is retained by the respective author(s), without restrictions. A non-exclusive license is granted to Indonesian Journal Life of Sciences to publish the article and identify itself as its original publisher, along with the commercial right to include the article in a hardcopy issue for sale to libraries and individuals. By publishing in Indonesian Journal Life of Sciences, authors grant any third party the right to use their article to the extent provided by the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license.
