Recent Advancements of Fungal Xylanase Upstream Production and Downstream Processing
Keywords:
Fungal xylanase, upstream, downstream, formulation, bioprocess
Abstract
Xylanase is a hydrolytic enzyme produced by fungi and bacteria utilized in various industrial applications such as food, biobleaching, animal feed, and pharmaceuticals. Due to its wide variety of applications, xylanase's large-scale industrial production has gained researchers' interest. Many factors and methods affect fungal xylanase's production in both upstream and downstream processing stages. The upstream production methods used are submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF), where SmF involves the usage of liquid substrates, while the SSF applies solid substrates to inoculate the microbes. The downstream processing of fungal xylanase includes extraction, purification, and formulation. The extraction methods used to extract fungal xylanase are filtration and solvent extraction. Meanwhile, the purification methods include ultrafiltration, precipitation, chromatography, Aqueous Two-Phase System (ATPS), and Aqueous Two-Phase Affinity Partitioning (ATPAP). The formulation of xylanase product is obtained in either liquid from the extraction-purification results, which can be converted to powder form using technologies such as spray drying to increase storage life. Moreover, immobilization of xylanase with nanoparticles of SiO2 could produce reusable xylanase enzymes. Several future studies have also been suggested. This review aims to explain the upstream and downstream processes of fungal xylanase production as well as the factors that affect those processes.
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References
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Bhardwaj, N., Kumar, B., & Verma, P. (2019). A detailed overview of xylanases: an emerging biomolecule for current and future prospective. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 6(1). doi:10.1186/s40643-019-0276-2
Bhardwaj, N., & Verma, P. (2020). Extraction of Fungal Xylanase Using ATPS-PEG/Sulphate and Its Application in Hydrolysis of Agricultural Residues. In Biotechnological Applications in Human Health (pp. 95–105). Springer Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3453-9_11
Bose, D., & Gangopadhyay, H. (2013). Effect of carbohydrates and amino acids on fermentative production of alpha amylase: Solid state fermentation utilizing agricultural wastes.
Castro, A. M., Castilho, L. R., & Freire, D. M. G. (2015). Performance of a fixed-bed solid-state fermentation bioreactor with forced aeration for the production of hydrolases by Aspergillus awamori. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 93, 303–308. doi:10.1016/j.bej.2014.10.016
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Chen, Q., Li, M., & Wang, X. (2016). Enzymology properties of two different xylanases and their impacts on growth performance and intestinal microflora of weaned piglets. Animal Nutrition, 2(1), 18–23. doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2016.02.003
Costa, M. A. L., Farinas, C. S., & Miranda, E. A. (2018). Ethanol precipitation as a downstream processing step for concentration of xylanases produced by submerged and solid-state fermentation. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 35(2), 477–488. doi:10.1590/0104-6632.20180352s20160502
Dhillon, G. S., Oberoi, H. S., Kaur, S., Bansal, S., & Brar, S. K. (2011). Value-addition of agricultural wastes for augmented cellulase and xylanase production through solid-state tray fermentation employing mixed-culture of fungi. Industrial Crops and Products, 34(1), 1160–1167. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.04.001
Dhiman, S. S., Jagtap, S. S., Jeya, M., Haw, J. R., Kang, Y. C., & Lee, J. K. (2012). Immobilization of Pholiota adiposa xylanase onto SiO 2 nanoparticles and its application for production of xylooligosaccharides. Biotechnology Letters, 34(7), 1307–1313. doi:10.1007/s10529-012-0902-y
Dhiman, S. S., Kalyani, D., Jagtap, S. S., Haw, J. R., Kang, Y. C., & Lee, J. K. (2013). Characterization of a novel xylanase from Armillaria gemina and its immobilization onto SiO2 nanoparticles. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 97(3), 1081–1091. doi:10.1007/s00253-012-4381-9
Ding, C., Li, M., & Hu, Y. (2018). High-activity production of xylanase by Pichia stipitis: Purification, characterization, kinetic evaluation and xylooligosaccharides production. In International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (Vol. 117). Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.128
El-Sherbiny, M., & El-Chaghaby, G. (2012). Storage temperature and stabilizers in relation to the activity of commercial liquid feed enzymes: a case study from Egypt. Journal of Agrobiology, 28(2), 129–137. doi:10.2478/v10146-011-0014-7
Fakhari, M. A., Rahimpour, F., & Taran, M. (2017). Response surface methodology optimization of partitioning of xylanase form Aspergillus Niger by metal affinity polymer-salt aqueous two-phase systems. Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 1063, 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.007
Farinas, C. S., Vitcosque, G. L., Fonseca, R. F., Neto, V. B., & Couri, S. (2011). Modeling the effects of solid state fermentation operating conditions on endoglucanase production using an instrumented bioreactor. Industrial Crops and Products, 34(1), 1186–1192. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.04.006
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Published
2021-09-30
How to Cite
J, J., Tania, V., Tanjaya, J., & K, K. (2021). Recent Advancements of Fungal Xylanase Upstream Production and Downstream Processing. Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences, 3(1), 37-58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54250/ijls.v3i1.122
Issue
Section
Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences
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