Formulation, Physical Evaluation, and Nanoparticle Characterization of Anti-Hyperpigmentation Nano-Essence from Grape Seed Extract
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation arises from excess melanin production due to UV radiation. While conventional tyrosinase inhibitors risk long-term side effects such as hepatocarcinogenicity, proanthocyanidins from grape seed extract offer a natural, safe alternative. This study formulated grape seed extract into a topical nano-essence and evaluated its characteristics, stability, and in vivo safety. Grape seed extract obtained via sonication yielded a proanthocyanidin content of 41.483 ± 0.55 mgCE/g. To stabilize the system, formulation trials varied the ratios of propylene glycol and glycerin acting as cosurfactants, identifying F1 as the optimal formula. Nanoparticle profiling of F1 showed a Z-average of 318.4 ± 10.05 nm, a Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.627, and a zeta potential of -12.33 ± 0.5 mV. While these zeta potential and PDI values indicate a theoretical tendency toward microscopic agglomeration, short-term room-temperature stability testing confirmed macroscopic physical stability with no visible separation. Furthermore, safety and hedonic evaluations on 10 volunteers over two weeks demonstrated 100% absence of irritation, with 80% of subjects reporting high comfort and fast absorption. The developed nano-essence shows promising potential as a safe, cosmetically acceptable antihyperpigmentation alternative, pending further optimization to improve long-term colloidal stability.
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References
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